Why IAQ Policies Matter - Revision history

Ular.palmiste: /* References */

2025-04-23T12:31:47Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 23 April 2025
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	(20) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0		(20) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0

	~~(21) The World Health Organisation, “WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality,” the WHO regional office for Europe, 2010. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789289002134~~

	~~(22) The World Health Organisation, Household Air Pollution, 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

	~~(23) The World Health Organisation, Household Air Pollution, 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

	(24) The European Commission, “Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A Europe that Protects: Clean Air for All,” the European Commission, 17 May 2018. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0330

	~~(25) The European Commission, “Air”, 2023. Available online: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/air_en~~

	(26) The World Health Organisation, “WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines,” the World Health Organisation, 2021. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345334/9789240034433-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y


	(32) Maria del Carmen González-Caballero ET AL, “Pollution, Indoor Air,” Elsevier Reference Collection in Biomedical Sciences, 2023: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128243152006801 ; The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.

	(33) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0 ; The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm ; The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

	(34) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0

	(35) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0

	~~(36) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

	(37) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0


	(39) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-3/2-determining-factors.htm


	~~(41) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

	~~(42) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

	(45) Sarah Darby et al, “Radon in Homes and Risk of Lung Cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies,” National Library of Medicine, 27 January 2005. Available online: https://www.bmj.com/content/330/7485/223.long ; The European Commission, “Air”, 2023. Available online: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/air_en


	~~(48) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

	~~(49) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health~~

Ular.palmiste: /* Understanding Indoor Air: Challenges and Differences from Outdoor Air */

2025-04-23T12:31:06Z

Understanding Indoor Air: Challenges and Differences from Outdoor Air

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	== Understanding Indoor Air: Challenges and Differences from Outdoor Air ==		== Understanding Indoor Air: Challenges and Differences from Outdoor Air ==
	While the prevailing perception is that pollution primarily poses a risk outdoors~~<sup><small>(10)</small></sup>~~, it is important to recognise that indoor environments can harbour pollution levels that are not only comparable but often exceed those found outdoors<sup><small>(11)</small></sup>. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) can be significantly compromised by elements like smoke, mould and chemicals present in certain paints, furnishings, and cleaning products<sup><small>(12)</small></sup>. In contrast to ambient air quality, which pertains to outdoor settings, indoor air quality encompasses the air within and surrounding buildings, with an emphasis on the comfort, well-being, and health of occupants. Given that Europeans spend 90% of their time indoors<sup><small>(13)</small></sup> and that indoor spaces can sometimes be more polluted than outdoor areas<sup><small>(14)</small></sup>, comprehending the full scope of this issue and devising strategies to enhance air quality is seen as paramount both in Europe and globally.		While the prevailing perception is that pollution primarily poses a risk outdoors, it is important to recognise that indoor environments can harbour pollution levels that are not only comparable but often exceed those found outdoors<sup><small>(11)</small></sup>. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) can be significantly compromised by elements like smoke, mould and chemicals present in certain paints, furnishings, and cleaning products<sup><small>(12)</small></sup>. In contrast to ambient air quality, which pertains to outdoor settings, indoor air quality encompasses the air within and surrounding buildings, with an emphasis on the comfort, well-being, and health of occupants. Given that Europeans spend 90% of their time indoors<sup><small>(13)</small></sup> and that indoor spaces can sometimes be more polluted than outdoor areas<sup><small>(14)</small></sup>, comprehending the full scope of this issue and devising strategies to enhance air quality is seen as paramount both in Europe and globally.

	Since the 1970s, the matter of IAQ has garnered considerable attention, with the World Health Organization addressing it in various documents and forums<ref name="Settimo_2020"></ref>. This problem is acknowledged as a pressing concern spanning low, middle, and high-income countries alike<sup><small>(16)</small></sup>. Individuals can encounter air pollutants in a range of indoor settings, encompassing private residences, offices, educational institutions, and public transportation systems~~<sup><small>(17)</small></sup>~~. The complexity arises from the fact that indoor air often comprises a blend of diverse pollutants, making it intricate to pinpoint the health implications linked to specific exposures<sup><small>(18)</small></sup>. Furthermore, the quality of indoor air is influenced by a multitude of factors, including the activities conducted in each space, the quality of building materials and finishes, the furnishings present, and even the level of occupancy, among others<sup><small>(19)</small></sup>. Moreover, it's worth noting that indoor environments can also be impacted by outdoor pollutants seeping in<sup><small>(20)</small></sup>.		Since the 1970s, the matter of IAQ has garnered considerable attention, with the World Health Organization addressing it in various documents and forums<ref name="Settimo_2020"></ref>. This problem is acknowledged as a pressing concern spanning low, middle, and high-income countries alike<sup><small>(16)</small></sup>. Individuals can encounter air pollutants in a range of indoor settings, encompassing private residences, offices, educational institutions, and public transportation systems. The complexity arises from the fact that indoor air often comprises a blend of diverse pollutants, making it intricate to pinpoint the health implications linked to specific exposures<sup><small>(18)</small></sup>. Furthermore, the quality of indoor air is influenced by a multitude of factors, including the activities conducted in each space, the quality of building materials and finishes, the furnishings present, and even the level of occupancy, among others<sup><small>(19)</small></sup>. Moreover, it's worth noting that indoor environments can also be impacted by outdoor pollutants seeping in<sup><small>(20)</small></sup>.

	== International Normative Framework ==		== International Normative Framework ==
	Air, vital for human existence, is acknowledged as a fundamental right. In this vein, the World Health Organisation Regional Office in Europe released its inaugural Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, assessing health risks posed by 28 chemical air pollutants<ref name="WHO_1987"></ref>. The second edition, published in 2000, expanded on these recommendations and introduced guideline values for additional substances, emphasising the need to mitigate health implications tied to air pollution. Since then, WHO has periodically issued updates, with the 2006 publication offering health-based guideline levels for major pollutants like particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, contributing to global pollution abatement efforts<ref name="WHO_2021" />.		Air, vital for human existence, is acknowledged as a fundamental right. In this vein, the World Health Organisation Regional Office in Europe released its inaugural Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, assessing health risks posed by 28 chemical air pollutants<ref name="WHO_1987"></ref>. The second edition, published in 2000, expanded on these recommendations and introduced guideline values for additional substances, emphasising the need to mitigate health implications tied to air pollution. Since then, WHO has periodically issued updates, with the 2006 publication offering health-based guideline levels for major pollutants like particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, contributing to global pollution abatement efforts<ref name="WHO_2021" />.

	In the subsequent years, mounting evidence on air pollution's adverse health impacts prompted renewed focus. Acknowledging the changing landscape, the World Health ~~Organisations~~ efforts were reinforced by the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly's resolution WHA68.8 in 2015, advocating for intensified measures to safeguard populations from air pollution's health risks<ref name="WHO_2021" />. The advent of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals further amplified the impetus to address air pollution exposure and its health burdens, underlining its significance in global health agendas.		In the subsequent years, mounting evidence on air pollution's adverse health impacts prompted renewed focus. Acknowledging the changing landscape, the World Health Organizations efforts were reinforced by the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly's resolution WHA68.8 in 2015, advocating for intensified measures to safeguard populations from air pollution's health risks<ref name="WHO_2021" />. The advent of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals further amplified the impetus to address air pollution exposure and its health burdens, underlining its significance in global health agendas.

	Concurrently, recognising the substantial health risks linked to household fuel combustion for cooking and heating, the World Health Organisation introduced specific guidelines to address IAQ in 2010. The Guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion provided evidence-based norms for clean household energy sources, such as solar, electricity, biogas, and natural gas, while emphasising the importance of achieving emission rate targets to safeguard health and the environment.		Concurrently, recognising the substantial health risks linked to household fuel combustion for cooking and heating, the World Health Organisation introduced specific guidelines to address IAQ in 2010. The Guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion provided evidence-based norms for clean household energy sources, such as solar, electricity, biogas, and natural gas, while emphasising the importance of achieving emission rate targets to safeguard health and the environment.

Ular.palmiste: /* References */

2025-04-23T12:14:21Z

References

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	~~(10) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(11) Abinaya Sekar et al, “Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment,” Heliyon, 29 November 2019. Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844766/		(11) Abinaya Sekar et al, “Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment,” Heliyon, 29 November 2019. Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844766/

	~~(12) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(13) Maya I Mitova et al, “Human chemical signature: Investigation on the influence of human presence and selected activities on concentrations of airborne constituents,” Environmental Pollution, February 2020. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749119334268		(13) Maya I Mitova et al, “Human chemical signature: Investigation on the influence of human presence and selected activities on concentrations of airborne constituents,” Environmental Pollution, February 2020. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749119334268
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	(26) The World Health Organisation, “WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines,” the World Health Organisation, 2021. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345334/9789240034433-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y		(26) The World Health Organisation, “WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines,” the World Health Organisation, 2021. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345334/9789240034433-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

	~~(27) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(28) The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.

	(29) The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.

	(30) The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.

	(31) The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.

	(32) Maria del Carmen González-Caballero ET AL, “Pollution, Indoor Air,” Elsevier Reference Collection in Biomedical Sciences, 2023: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128243152006801 ; The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.		(32) Maria del Carmen González-Caballero ET AL, “Pollution, Indoor Air,” Elsevier Reference Collection in Biomedical Sciences, 2023: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128243152006801 ; The United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Introduction to Indoor Air Quality,” The United States Environmental Protection Agency, 16 May 2023. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Air%20Quality%20(IAQ)%20refers,and%20comfort%20of%20building%20occupants.
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	(37) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0		(37) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/5-pollutant-mixtures.htm#0

	~~(38) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(39) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-3/2-determining-factors.htm		(39) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection, “Indoor Air Quality,” the European Commission, 2008. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-3/2-determining-factors.htm

	~~(40) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(41) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health		(41) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

	(42) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health		(42) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

	~~(43) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	~~(44) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(45) Sarah Darby et al, “Radon in Homes and Risk of Lung Cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies,” National Library of Medicine, 27 January 2005. Available online: https://www.bmj.com/content/330/7485/223.long ; The European Commission, “Air”, 2023. Available online: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/air_en		(45) Sarah Darby et al, “Radon in Homes and Risk of Lung Cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies,” National Library of Medicine, 27 January 2005. Available online: https://www.bmj.com/content/330/7485/223.long ; The European Commission, “Air”, 2023. Available online: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/air_en

	~~(46) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	~~(47) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm~~

	(48) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health		(48) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

	(49) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health		(49) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

Ular.palmiste: /* References */

2025-04-11T14:36:41Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 11 April 2025
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	(49) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health		(49) The World Health Organisation, “Household Air Pollution,” 28 November 2022. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

	~~(98) The World Health Organisation, “The Air Quality Guidelines for Europe,” the World Health Organisation, 1987. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/107364~~

Ular.palmiste: /* International Normative Framework */

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International Normative Framework

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 11 April 2025
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	== International Normative Framework ==		== International Normative Framework ==
	Air, vital for human existence, is acknowledged as a fundamental right. In this vein, the World Health Organisation Regional Office in Europe released its inaugural Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, assessing health risks posed by 28 chemical air pollutants<~~sup><small>(98)</small~~></~~sup~~>. The second edition, published in 2000, expanded on these recommendations and introduced guideline values for additional substances, emphasising the need to mitigate health implications tied to air pollution. Since then, WHO has periodically issued updates, with the 2006 publication offering health-based guideline levels for major pollutants like particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, contributing to global pollution abatement efforts<ref name="WHO_2021" />.		Air, vital for human existence, is acknowledged as a fundamental right. In this vein, the World Health Organisation Regional Office in Europe released its inaugural Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, assessing health risks posed by 28 chemical air pollutants<ref name="WHO_1987"></ref>. The second edition, published in 2000, expanded on these recommendations and introduced guideline values for additional substances, emphasising the need to mitigate health implications tied to air pollution. Since then, WHO has periodically issued updates, with the 2006 publication offering health-based guideline levels for major pollutants like particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, contributing to global pollution abatement efforts<ref name="WHO_2021" />.

	In the subsequent years, mounting evidence on air pollution's adverse health impacts prompted renewed focus. Acknowledging the changing landscape, the World Health Organisations efforts were reinforced by the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly's resolution WHA68.8 in 2015, advocating for intensified measures to safeguard populations from air pollution's health risks<ref name="WHO_2021" />. The advent of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals further amplified the impetus to address air pollution exposure and its health burdens, underlining its significance in global health agendas.		In the subsequent years, mounting evidence on air pollution's adverse health impacts prompted renewed focus. Acknowledging the changing landscape, the World Health Organisations efforts were reinforced by the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly's resolution WHA68.8 in 2015, advocating for intensified measures to safeguard populations from air pollution's health risks<ref name="WHO_2021" />. The advent of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals further amplified the impetus to address air pollution exposure and its health burdens, underlining its significance in global health agendas.

Ular.palmiste: /* References */

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References

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	<ref name="EC_2018">{{#lst:Reading List\|EC_2018}}</ref>		<ref name="EC_2018">{{#lst:Reading List\|EC_2018}}</ref>
	<ref name="Settimo_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|Settimo_2020}}</ref>		<ref name="Settimo_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|Settimo_2020}}</ref>
			<ref name="WHO_1987">{{#lst:Reading List\|WHO_1987}}</ref>
	</references>		</references>

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References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 11 April 2025
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	(14) Abinaya Sekar et al, “Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment,” Heliyon, 29 November 2019. Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844766/		(14) Abinaya Sekar et al, “Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment,” Heliyon, 29 November 2019. Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844766/

	(15) Gaetano Settimo et al, “Indoor Air Quality: A Focus on the European Legislation and State-of-the-Art Research in Italy,” MDPI, 1 March 2020. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/370#B6-atmosphere-11-00370

	(16) Michael J Suess, “The Indoor Air Quality Programme of the WHO Regional Office for Europe,” the WHO regional office for Europe, 1992, 2, 180–193. Available online: https://www.aivc.org/sites/default/files/airbase_6487.pdf ; Lars Mølhave et al, “The right to healthy indoor air: Status by 2002,” National Library of Medicine, 2003. Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12572915/ ; The World Health Organisation, “WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality,” the WHO regional office for Europe, 2010. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789289002134		(16) Michael J Suess, “The Indoor Air Quality Programme of the WHO Regional Office for Europe,” the WHO regional office for Europe, 1992, 2, 180–193. Available online: https://www.aivc.org/sites/default/files/airbase_6487.pdf ; Lars Mølhave et al, “The right to healthy indoor air: Status by 2002,” National Library of Medicine, 2003. Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12572915/ ; The World Health Organisation, “WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality,” the WHO regional office for Europe, 2010. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789289002134

Ular.palmiste: /* Understanding Indoor Air: Challenges and Differences from Outdoor Air */

2025-04-11T14:32:19Z

Understanding Indoor Air: Challenges and Differences from Outdoor Air

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 11 April 2025
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	While the prevailing perception is that pollution primarily poses a risk outdoors<sup><small>(10)</small></sup>, it is important to recognise that indoor environments can harbour pollution levels that are not only comparable but often exceed those found outdoors<sup><small>(11)</small></sup>. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) can be significantly compromised by elements like smoke, mould and chemicals present in certain paints, furnishings, and cleaning products<sup><small>(12)</small></sup>. In contrast to ambient air quality, which pertains to outdoor settings, indoor air quality encompasses the air within and surrounding buildings, with an emphasis on the comfort, well-being, and health of occupants. Given that Europeans spend 90% of their time indoors<sup><small>(13)</small></sup> and that indoor spaces can sometimes be more polluted than outdoor areas<sup><small>(14)</small></sup>, comprehending the full scope of this issue and devising strategies to enhance air quality is seen as paramount both in Europe and globally.		While the prevailing perception is that pollution primarily poses a risk outdoors<sup><small>(10)</small></sup>, it is important to recognise that indoor environments can harbour pollution levels that are not only comparable but often exceed those found outdoors<sup><small>(11)</small></sup>. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) can be significantly compromised by elements like smoke, mould and chemicals present in certain paints, furnishings, and cleaning products<sup><small>(12)</small></sup>. In contrast to ambient air quality, which pertains to outdoor settings, indoor air quality encompasses the air within and surrounding buildings, with an emphasis on the comfort, well-being, and health of occupants. Given that Europeans spend 90% of their time indoors<sup><small>(13)</small></sup> and that indoor spaces can sometimes be more polluted than outdoor areas<sup><small>(14)</small></sup>, comprehending the full scope of this issue and devising strategies to enhance air quality is seen as paramount both in Europe and globally.

	Since the 1970s, the matter of IAQ has garnered considerable attention, with the World Health Organization addressing it in various documents and forums<~~sup><small>(15)</small~~></~~sup~~>. This problem is acknowledged as a pressing concern spanning low, middle, and high-income countries alike<sup><small>(16)</small></sup>. Individuals can encounter air pollutants in a range of indoor settings, encompassing private residences, offices, educational institutions, and public transportation systems<sup><small>(17)</small></sup>. The complexity arises from the fact that indoor air often comprises a blend of diverse pollutants, making it intricate to pinpoint the health implications linked to specific exposures<sup><small>(18)</small></sup>. Furthermore, the quality of indoor air is influenced by a multitude of factors, including the activities conducted in each space, the quality of building materials and finishes, the furnishings present, and even the level of occupancy, among others<sup><small>(19)</small></sup>. Moreover, it's worth noting that indoor environments can also be impacted by outdoor pollutants seeping in<sup><small>(20)</small></sup>.		Since the 1970s, the matter of IAQ has garnered considerable attention, with the World Health Organization addressing it in various documents and forums<ref name="Settimo_2020"></ref>. This problem is acknowledged as a pressing concern spanning low, middle, and high-income countries alike<sup><small>(16)</small></sup>. Individuals can encounter air pollutants in a range of indoor settings, encompassing private residences, offices, educational institutions, and public transportation systems<sup><small>(17)</small></sup>. The complexity arises from the fact that indoor air often comprises a blend of diverse pollutants, making it intricate to pinpoint the health implications linked to specific exposures<sup><small>(18)</small></sup>. Furthermore, the quality of indoor air is influenced by a multitude of factors, including the activities conducted in each space, the quality of building materials and finishes, the furnishings present, and even the level of occupancy, among others<sup><small>(19)</small></sup>. Moreover, it's worth noting that indoor environments can also be impacted by outdoor pollutants seeping in<sup><small>(20)</small></sup>.

	== International Normative Framework ==		== International Normative Framework ==

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	<ref name="EEA_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|EEA_2020}}</ref>		<ref name="EEA_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|EEA_2020}}</ref>
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	<ref name="EC_2018">{{#lst:Reading List\|~~WHO_2021~~}}</ref>		<ref name="EC_2018">{{#lst:Reading List\|EC_2018}}</ref>
			<ref name="Settimo_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|Settimo_2020}}</ref>
	</references>		</references>

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	(7) The European Commission, “Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A Europe that Protects: Clean Air for All,” the European Commission, 17 May 2018. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0330

	(10) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm		(10) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, “Indoor Air Quality,” 12 July 2023. Available online: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/indoor-air/index.cfm

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	<ref name="EEA_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|EEA_2020}}</ref>		<ref name="EEA_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|EEA_2020}}</ref>
	<ref name="WHO_2021">{{#lst:Reading List\|WHO_2021}}</ref>		<ref name="WHO_2021">{{#lst:Reading List\|WHO_2021}}</ref>
	<ref name="EC_2018">{{#lst:Reading List\|~~WHO_2021~~}}</ref>		<ref name="EC_2018">{{#lst:Reading List\|EC_2018}}</ref>
			<ref name="Settimo_2020">{{#lst:Reading List\|Settimo_2020}}</ref>
	</references>		</references>